Chapter 4: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Math • Class 11

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Chapter Analysis

Intermediate12 pages • English

Quick Summary

This chapter on Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations introduces complex numbers, a form of numbers expressed as a + ib where a and b are real numbers. The chapter covers the operations with complex numbers, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and discusses the properties of these operations. It also explores the representation of complex numbers on the Argand plane and the concept of conjugate and modulus of complex numbers. Furthermore, it addresses quadratic equations and how complex numbers can be used to find solutions to equations with no real roots.

Key Topics

  • Definition and properties of complex numbers
  • Operations with complex numbers
  • Argand plane representation
  • Modulus and conjugate of complex numbers
  • Quadratic equations with complex roots
  • Power and roots of complex numbers

Learning Objectives

  • Understand the definition and components of complex numbers
  • Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers
  • Visualize complex numbers on the Argand plane
  • Calculate the modulus and conjugate of complex numbers
  • Solve quadratic equations using complex numbers
  • Explore powers and roots of complex numbers

Questions in Chapter

Express each of the complex number given in the Exercises 1 to 10 in the form a + ib.

Page 83

Express the following expression in the form of a + ib: (3 + 5i)(3 + 2i) - (3 - 2i)(3 - 5i).

Page 83

Find the multiplicative inverse of each of the complex numbers given in the Exercises 11 to 13.

Page 83

If z1 = 2 - i, z2 = 1 + i, find the value of (z1 + z2)/(1 - z1 z2).

Page 86

For any two complex numbers z1 and z2, prove that Re(z1 z2) = Re z1 Re z2 - Im z1 Im z2.

Page 86

If α and β are different complex numbers with β ≠ 1, then find 1/(β - 1) - 1/(α - β).

Page 87

Additional Practice Questions

What is the sum of the complex numbers 4 + 3i and 2 - 5i?

easy

Answer: The sum is obtained by adding the real parts and the imaginary parts separately: (4 + 2) + (3i - 5i) = 6 - 2i.

How do you represent the complex number 3 + 4i on the Argand plane?

medium

Answer: The complex number 3 + 4i represents a point in the Argand plane with the x-coordinate 3 and the y-coordinate 4, plotted as P(3, 4).

If z = 2 + 3i, find the conjugate of z.

easy

Answer: The conjugate of z = 2 + 3i is 2 - 3i.

Calculate the modulus of the complex number -1 + i.

medium

Answer: The modulus is given by the square root of the sum of squares of the real and imaginary parts: √((-1)^2 + 1^2) = √2.

Find the product of (2 + i) and (3 - 4i).

medium

Answer: Using the distributive property: (2 + i)(3 - 4i) = 2*3 + 2*(-4i) + i*3 + i*(-4i) = 6 - 8i + 3i + 4 = 10 - 5i.