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Chapter Analysis
Intermediate37 pages • EnglishQuick Summary
Chapter 2 of the Class 12 Business Studies textbook discusses the principles of management with a focus on approaches by F.W. Taylor and Henri Fayol. Taylor's scientific management emphasizes the efficiency and optimization of worker productivity through methods like time study and standardization, while Fayol's administrative management highlights principles like division of work, authority, and unity. The chapter also explores the significance and application of these principles in modern management practices.
Key Topics
- •Scientific Management by F.W. Taylor
- •Administrative Management by Henri Fayol
- •Principles of Division of Work
- •Authority and Responsibility
- •Unity of Command
- •Standardization and Simplification
- •Functional Foremanship
- •Management Theories and Modern Practice
Learning Objectives
- ✓Understand the core principles of scientific management.
- ✓Learn Fayol's administrative principles and their application.
- ✓Compare and contrast Taylor's and Fayol's management theories.
- ✓Recognize the importance of standardization in management.
- ✓Apply management principles to solve real-world business problems.
- ✓Evaluate the adaptations of classical management principles in contemporary businesses.
Questions in Chapter
What makes principles of management flexible?
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State the main objective of time study.
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Name the principle that is an extension of the ‘harmony, not discord’.
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State any two causes of fatigue that may create hindrance in the employee’s performance.
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SanakLal and Gagan started their career in Wales Limited (a printing press) after going through a rigorous recruitment process. Since they had no prior work experience, the firm decided to give them one year to prove themselves. Name the principle of management followed by Wales Limited.
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Which technique is used by Taylor for distinguishing efficient and inefficient workers?
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How is the Principle of ‘Unity of Command’ useful to management? Explain briefly.
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Define scientific management. State any three of its principles.
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If an organisation does not provide the right place for physical and human resources in an organisation, which principle is violated? What are the consequences of it?
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Explain any four points regarding significance of principles of management.
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Explain the principle of ‘Scalar Chain’ and gang plank.
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A production manager at top level in a reputed corporate, Mr. Rathore holds the responsibility for ordering raw material for the firm. While deciding on the supplier for the financial year 2017-18, he gave the order to his cousin at a higher price per unit instead of the firm’s usual supplier who was willing to lower the rates for the order. Which principle of management was violated by Mr. Rathore? What are the positive impacts of following the above identified principle?
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Additional Practice Questions
What are the key differences between Taylor's and Fayol's principles of management?
mediumAnswer: Taylor's principles focus on efficiency and productivity through standardization and specialization, such as time study and functional foremanship. Fayol's principles are more holistic, addressing administrative aspects like division of work, authority, and unity of command.
How do Fayol's principles apply in today's flat organizational structures?
mediumAnswer: In modern flat structures, Fayol's principles such as 'Authority and Responsibility' and 'Unity of Direction' are adapted to empower employees more directly, promote decentralization, and foster teamwork across horizontal teams rather than strict hierarchies.
Explain the principle of 'Esprit de Corps' and its importance in a modern business environment.
easyAnswer: The principle 'Esprit de Corps' emphasizes team spirit and unity among employees to enhance harmony and reduce conflict. In modern businesses, fostering teamwork enhances productivity and job satisfaction, vital for a collaborative and innovative work environment.
Discuss the relevance of scientific management techniques in contemporary industries.
hardAnswer: Techniques like time study and motion study remain relevant for optimizing operations. They help businesses improve efficiency in manufacturing and service industries through continuous process improvements and lean management practices.
How can companies fulfill their social responsibilities while applying management principles?
mediumAnswer: By integrating social goals with business objectives, companies can adhere to principles like 'Equity' and 'Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest', ensuring fair remuneration and ethical dealings with stakeholders to enhance corporate social responsibility.