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Chapter Analysis
Intermediate10 pages • EnglishQuick Summary
Chapter 4 of the NCERT Class 12 Geography textbook 'India People and Economy' discusses the significance of water resources in India. It elaborates on the geographical distribution of water resources, sectoral utilization, and the methods for conservation and management. The chapter highlights the issues of water scarcity, demand for water largely driven by agriculture, and the challenges posed by geographical and temporal variations in water availability. It also addresses the emerging challenges due to pollution and the necessity for effective water management strategies.
Key Topics
- •Geographical distribution of water resources
- •Sectoral utilization and conservation
- •Water scarcity and pollution
- •The role of irrigation in agriculture
- •National Water Policy 2012
- •Traditional and modern water harvesting techniques
- •Watershed and groundwater management
Learning Objectives
- ✓Understand the distribution and utilization of water resources in India.
- ✓Analyze the causes and effects of water scarcity.
- ✓Evaluate the role of irrigation in agricultural productivity.
- ✓Discuss various water conservation and management strategies.
- ✓Assess the impact of government policies on water resources.
- ✓Reflect on the need for sustainable water development practices.
Questions in Chapter
Which one of the following types describes water as a resource?
Page 52
Discuss the factors responsible for depletion of water resources?
Page 52
What is watershed management? Do you think it can play an important role in sustainable development?
Page 52
Additional Practice Questions
What are some effective methods for conserving water resources?
mediumAnswer: Water conservation can be achieved through various methods such as rainwater harvesting, watershed management, and the prevention of water pollution. These methods ensure sustainable utilization and management of this vital resource.
Explain the role of the Central and State Governments in India's water resource management.
hardAnswer: Both Central and State Governments play crucial roles in water management through policy formulations, the implementation of the National Water Policy, and through various programs like Jal Kranti Abhiyan and Atal Bhujal Yojana.
Describe the importance of river basins in the management of water resources in India.
mediumAnswer: River basins are essential as they help in the collection, flow, and management of water resources. Effective management of basins ensures equitable water distribution, control of floods, and sustenance of ecological balance.
What are the challenges posed by groundwater depletion in India?
mediumAnswer: Groundwater depletion leads to reduced water availability for agriculture and domestic use, causes soil salinity in irrigated lands, and may result in social conflicts over water usage.
How does climate change impact water resource management in India?
hardAnswer: Climate change affects precipitation patterns, leading to altered river flows, increased frequency of droughts and floods, therefore necessitating adaptive water management strategies to ensure water availability.