Chapter 1: Crop Production and Management

Answer: Irrigation is crucial as it provides the necessary moisture required for the growth of crops, helps dissolve nutrients in soil, and ensures even distribution of water, which is especially important in dry regions or during periods of no rainfall.

Answer: Crop rotation improves soil structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants, reducing pest buildup, and diversifying the demands for soil nutrients which aids in maintaining a balanced nutrient profile in the soil.

Answer: Manual weed control involves physical removal using tools, which is labor-intensive but environmentally safe, while chemical control uses weedicides to kill weeds effectively with less labor but can affect soil health and necessitate careful handling.

Answer: The plough is used for tilling the soil, adding fertilizers, and weed control. The sickle is used for reaping crops and cutting grass. Both tools are human or animal-driven and have been traditionally used over generations in farming.

Answer: Levelling of soil helps in uniform distribution of water, prevents soil erosion, and aids in preparing the ground for seeds to be sown evenly. It is also essential for effective irrigation and prevents waterlogging.

Answer: Organic manure improves soil texture and water retention, enhances microbial activity crucial for nutrient recycling, and increases soil fertility sustainably unlike chemical fertilizers which can lead to soil degradation over time.

Answer: Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone minimizing evaporation, whereas sprinkler systems distribute water more evenly over the field; both methods optimize water use, reducing waste and ensuring water conservation.

Answer: Climatic conditions like temperature, rainfall, and humidity directly affect crop choices as some crops require specific conditions, e.g., rice needs high humidity and rainfall, whereas wheat grows well in cooler, drier climates.