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Chapter Analysis
Intermediate21 pages • EnglishQuick Summary
The chapter 'Carbon and its Compounds' elaborates on the versatile nature of carbon, highlighting its ability to form a multitude of compounds due to its tetravalency and catenation properties. Key concepts include the structure and bonding of carbon compounds, functional groups, and the formation of homologous series. The chapter also discusses the chemical properties and reactions of important carbon compounds like ethanol and ethanoic acid. Additionally, it covers the naming conventions of carbon compounds and explores their applications in daily life.
Key Topics
- •Covalent Bonding in Carbon
- •Structural Isomers
- •Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
- •Functional Groups
- •Homologous Series
- •Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds
- •Reactions of Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid
- •Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds
Learning Objectives
- ✓Understand the nature of covalent bonding in carbon compounds.
- ✓Explain the concept of homologous series in organic chemistry.
- ✓Identify different functional groups and their effects on carbon compounds.
- ✓Understand the significance of structural isomerism.
- ✓Describe the methods of preparation and chemical properties of ethanol and ethanoic acid.
- ✓Learn the nomenclature used for naming carbon compounds.
Questions in Chapter
Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction?
Page 71
A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
Page 71
What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.
Page 78
What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
Page 78
Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
Page 78
Additional Practice Questions
What are the main forms in which carbon occurs in nature?
mediumAnswer: Carbon occurs in nature primarily as diamond and graphite. Another form includes the fullerenes, exemplified by C-60. These forms vary in their physical properties due to differences in the bonding between carbon atoms.
Describe the properties and uses of ethanol.
easyAnswer: Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, and colorless liquid with a slight characteristic odor. It is used as a solvent in the manufacture of varnishes and perfumes; as a preservative for biological specimens; and in the preparation of essences and flavorings. It is also used industrially in the manufacture of drugs, plastics, lacquers, polishes, plasticizers, and cosmetics.
How is acetic acid produced industrially?
hardAnswer: Acetic acid is produced industrially by the oxidation of acetaldehyde, which, in turn, is obtained from ethylene. Another method involves the carbonylation of methanol.
Explain the term 'catenation' in the context of carbon compounds.
mediumAnswer: Catenation is the ability of carbon to form long chains and complex structures via bonds with other carbon atoms. This property is fundamental in forming vast numbers of carbon compounds, such as hydrocarbons with straight, branched, or ring structures.
What is the significance of functional groups in carbon compounds?
mediumAnswer: Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In organic chemistry, functional groups are critically important because they determine the properties and reactions of compounds.
NCERT Exemplar
AvailablePractice with NCERT Exemplar problems and solutions for this chapter. Exemplar problems are designed to help you master the concepts with advanced-level questions.
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