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Chapter Analysis
Intermediate10 pages • EnglishQuick Summary
The chapter explores the various methods of plant reproduction, emphasizing asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual methods include fragmentation, budding, spore formation, and vegetative propagation. Sexual reproduction involves male and female gamete fusion, leading to zygote and seed formation. The role of flowers in reproduction and methods of seed dispersal by wind, water, and animals are discussed.
Key Topics
- •Asexual reproduction
- •Sexual reproduction
- •Vegetative propagation
- •Pollination
- •Fertilisation
- •Seed formation
- •Seed dispersal
- •Reproductive parts of flowers
Learning Objectives
- ✓Understand and differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction.
- ✓Identify the process of vegetative propagation and its benefits.
- ✓Describe the mechanisms of pollination and fertilisation.
- ✓Explain the significance of seed dispersal.
- ✓Identify the reproductive structures and functions of flowers.
Questions in Chapter
Fill in the blanks: (a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called _____________.
Page 90
Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Answer: The different methods of asexual reproduction include fragmentation, budding, spore formation, and vegetative propagation. Examples include algae for fragmentation and yeast for budding.
Page 91
Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.
Answer: Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in the formation of a zygote.
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State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Answer: Asexual reproduction involves producing new plants without seeds, whereas sexual reproduction involves seeds formed through gamete fusion.
Page 91
Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.
Page 91
Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Answer: Self-pollination occurs when pollen lands on the stigma of the same flower, while cross-pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from one flower to another's stigma.
Page 91
How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?
Answer: Fertilisation is the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in a zygote that develops into an embryo.
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Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.
Answer: Seeds are dispersed by wind, water, and animals. Some seeds have features like wings or hooks for dispersal.
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Match items in Column I with those in Column II.
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Tick the correct answer: (a) The reproductive part of a plant is the __________.
Page 91
Additional Practice Questions
What are the advantages of vegetative propagation?
mediumAnswer: Vegetative propagation allows plants to reproduce rapidly and maintain genetic consistency. It ensures quick maturity and is beneficial for plants that do not produce viable seeds.
How do spores aid in the survival of species in unfavorable environments?
mediumAnswer: Spores are encased in a protective coating that helps them survive harsh conditions. They germinate into new plants when conditions become favorable.
Why is seed dispersal crucial for plant survival?
easyAnswer: Seed dispersal reduces competition among plants for resources like sunlight and nutrients and allows colonization of new areas, ensuring species survival.
Explain the process of gamete fusion in flowering plants.
hardAnswer: In flowering plants, the pollen grain lands on the stigma, and a pollen tube grows toward the ovule, allowing the male gamete to fuse with the female gamete to form a zygote.
What role do flowers play in the plant's reproductive process?
easyAnswer: Flowers house the reproductive organs of plants; the stamen produces pollen (male gametes), and the pistil contains the ovules (female gametes), aiding in reproduction and seed formation.
NCERT Exemplar
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